Greek Symbols — Copy and Paste Every Greek Letter
The Greek alphabet has 24 letters — 7 vowels and 17 consonants. Below you’ll find every Greek symbol in both uppercase and lowercase, ready to copy with one click. Each letter comes with its English name, pronunciation, Unicode code point, HTML entity and LaTeX command, so you can paste it into a document, a formula or a web page without hunting for the right character. Every symbol on this page is plain text — no images, no downloads, no sign-up.
Click any symbol to copy it. Sigma has three forms: Σ, σ and the word-final ς.
Greek letter codes
Every character with its Unicode code point, HTML entity and LaTeX command.
| Letter | Name | Unicode | HTML entity | HTML code | LaTeX |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capital Alpha | U+0391 | Α | Α | A (no command) | |
| Small alpha | U+03B1 | α | α | \alpha | |
| Capital Beta | U+0392 | Β | Β | B (no command) | |
| Small beta | U+03B2 | β | β | \beta | |
| Capital Gamma | U+0393 | Γ | Γ | \Gamma | |
| Small gamma | U+03B3 | γ | γ | \gamma | |
| Capital Delta | U+0394 | Δ | Δ | \Delta | |
| Small delta | U+03B4 | δ | δ | \delta | |
| Capital Epsilon | U+0395 | Ε | Ε | E (no command) | |
| Small epsilon | U+03B5 | ε | ε | \varepsilon | |
| Capital Zeta | U+0396 | Ζ | Ζ | Z (no command) | |
| Small zeta | U+03B6 | ζ | ζ | \zeta | |
| Capital Eta | U+0397 | Η | Η | H (no command) | |
| Small eta | U+03B7 | η | η | \eta | |
| Capital Theta | U+0398 | Θ | Θ | \Theta | |
| Small theta | U+03B8 | θ | θ | \theta | |
| Capital Iota | U+0399 | Ι | Ι | I (no command) | |
| Small iota | U+03B9 | ι | ι | \iota | |
| Capital Kappa | U+039A | Κ | Κ | K (no command) | |
| Small kappa | U+03BA | κ | κ | \kappa | |
| Capital Lambda | U+039B | Λ | Λ | \Lambda | |
| Small lambda | U+03BB | λ | λ | \lambda | |
| Capital Mu | U+039C | Μ | Μ | M (no command) | |
| Small mu | U+03BC | μ | μ | \mu | |
| Capital Nu | U+039D | Ν | Ν | N (no command) | |
| Small nu | U+03BD | ν | ν | \nu | |
| Capital Xi | U+039E | Ξ | Ξ | \Xi | |
| Small xi | U+03BE | ξ | ξ | \xi | |
| Capital Omicron | U+039F | Ο | Ο | O (no command) | |
| Small omicron | U+03BF | ο | ο | o | |
| Capital Pi | U+03A0 | Π | Π | \Pi | |
| Small pi | U+03C0 | π | π | \pi | |
| Capital Rho | U+03A1 | Ρ | Ρ | P (no command) | |
| Small rho | U+03C1 | ρ | ρ | \rho | |
| Capital Sigma | U+03A3 | Σ | Σ | \Sigma | |
| Small sigma | U+03C3 | σ | σ | \sigma | |
| Final sigma | U+03C2 | ς | ς | \varsigma | |
| Capital Tau | U+03A4 | Τ | Τ | T (no command) | |
| Small tau | U+03C4 | τ | τ | \tau | |
| Capital Upsilon | U+03A5 | Υ | Υ | \Upsilon | |
| Small upsilon | U+03C5 | υ | υ | \upsilon | |
| Capital Phi | U+03A6 | Φ | Φ | \Phi | |
| Small phi | U+03C6 | φ | φ | \varphi | |
| Capital Chi | U+03A7 | Χ | Χ | X (no command) | |
| Small chi | U+03C7 | χ | χ | \chi | |
| Capital Psi | U+03A8 | Ψ | Ψ | \Psi | |
| Small psi | U+03C8 | ψ | ψ | \psi | |
| Capital Omega | U+03A9 | Ω | Ω | \Omega | |
| Small omega | U+03C9 | ω | ω | \omega |
Note on LaTeX capitals: Only 11 capital Greek letters have a LaTeX command — Γ \Gamma,
Δ \Delta, Θ \Theta, Λ \Lambda, Ξ \Xi, Π \Pi, Σ
\Sigma, Υ \Upsilon, Φ \Phi, Ψ \Psi, Ω \Omega. The
other 13 capitals (A, B, E, Z, H, I, K, M, N, O, P, T, X) look identical to Latin letters and have no Greek
command at all — you simply type the Latin letter. Commands such as \Alpha or
\Beta do not exist in LaTeX, and lowercase omicron is just o.
Two letters swap in LaTeX: \epsilon gives ϵ and \phi gives ϕ. For the
everyday shapes ε and φ shown above, use \varepsilon and \varphi.
Which Greek symbol do I need?
Most people don’t arrive looking for “alpha” — they arrive looking for the symbol for change, or the symbol for standard deviation. Here is where each letter actually shows up.
Greek symbols in mathematics
- π (pi) — the circle constant, 3.14159…
- Σ (capital sigma) — summation — note the operator ∑ (U+2211) is a different character from the letter Σ (U+03A3)
- Δ (delta) — change or difference, as in Δx
- θ (theta) — an angle
- λ (lambda) — an eigenvalue
- μ (mu) — the mean of a population
- ε (epsilon) — an arbitrarily small quantity in limits
Greek symbols in physics
- Ω (omega) — the ohm, unit of electrical resistance
- ω (lowercase omega) — angular velocity and angular frequency
- λ (lambda) — wavelength
- ρ (rho) — density
- μ (mu) — the coefficient of friction, and magnetic permeability
- Δ (delta) — a change in any quantity
Greek symbols in chemistry
- σ (sigma) — a sigma bond, and the shielding constant in NMR
- π (pi) — a pi bond
- δ (delta) — partial charge, as in δ+ and δ−
- Δ (capital delta) — heat applied in a reaction
Greek symbols in statistics
- μ (mu) — population mean
- σ (sigma) — population standard deviation; the sample version is the Latin letter s
- Σ (capital sigma) — summation
- ρ (rho) — correlation coefficient
- χ (chi) — as in the chi-squared test, χ²
Greek symbols in engineering and computer science
- λ (lambda) — the lambda calculus, and anonymous functions
- Δ (delta) — a diff, a change, an increment
- Ω (omega) — the lower bound in asymptotic notation, as in Ω(n)
- ε (epsilon) — the empty string, and machine epsilon
- η (eta) — efficiency
Greek letters on campus
Fraternities and sororities are named with Greek letters, and this is a large share of why people search for these symbols. The most common are Δ Delta, Σ Sigma, Ω Omega, Π Pi, Φ Phi, Κ Kappa, Θ Theta, Λ Lambda, Α Alpha — usually shown as a pair or a trio, such as ΔΣ or ΠΚΑ. Use the capitals for organisation names.
How to type Greek letters
| Platform | How to type it |
|---|---|
| Windows | Press Win + . to open the emoji panel → Symbols (Ω) → Greek. In Word, type the code point (e.g. 03BC) and press Alt + X. A few letters have classic Alt codes: Alt + 224 α, Alt + 227 π, Alt + 228 Σ, Alt + 234 Ω. |
| Mac | Open the Character Viewer with Ctrl + Cmd + Space, or add the Greek keyboard. Option + P types π and Option + Z types Ω. Careful: Option + M produces µ (U+00B5, micro sign), not the letter μ (U+03BC). |
| iPhone / Android | Add the Greek keyboard in Settings → Keyboard → Languages, or just copy the character above. |
| LaTeX | \alpha, \beta, \pi … see the full table above. |
| HTML | α or α |
Full platform-by-platform guide, including the Greek keyboard layout, Linux, Google Docs, Python and JavaScript escapes → how to type Greek letters
Free printable Greek alphabet (PDF)
One A4 page with all 24 letters in upper and lowercase, with their English names and pronunciation — ready to print for a classroom, a desk or a study binder.
Download PDFAll 24 Greek letter symbols
Each letter has its own page with every variant, all the codes, how to type it on each platform, and what it means in each subject.
Α α Alpha symbol significance level, angles, alpha particles Β β Beta symbol beta testing, regression coefficients, beta decay Γ γ Gamma symbol gamma rays, the gamma function, the Lorentz factor Δ δ Delta symbol change, difference, the Dirac and Kronecker delta Ε ε Epsilon symbol a tiny quantity, permittivity, the error term Ζ ζ Zeta symbol the Riemann zeta function, damping ratio Η η Eta symbol efficiency, viscosity, eta-squared Θ θ Theta symbol angles, big-Theta notation, unknown parameters Ι ι Iota symbol the smallest letter: “not one iota” Κ κ Kappa symbol Cohen’s kappa, curvature, thermal conductivity Λ λ Lambda symbol wavelength, eigenvalues, lambda functions Μ μ Mu symbol mean, micro, coefficient of friction Ν ν Nu symbol frequency, neutrinos, degrees of freedom Ξ ξ Xi symbol random variables, the Xi baryon Ο ο Omicron symbol the COVID-19 variant; identical to Latin o Π π Pi symbol the circle constant 3.14159…, the product sign Ρ ρ Rho symbol density, resistivity, correlation Σ σ Sigma symbol standard deviation, summation Τ τ Tau symbol torque, time constants, τ = 2π Υ υ Upsilon symbol the Upsilon meson; ancestor of U, V, W and Y Φ φ Phi symbol the golden ratio, magnetic flux, angles Χ χ Chi symbol the chi-squared test, susceptibility Ψ ψ Psi symbol the wavefunction, the symbol of psychology Ω ω Omega symbol ohm, angular velocity
The Greek alphabet in order
The Greek alphabet runs from alpha to omega: Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Epsilon, Zeta, Eta, Theta, Iota, Kappa, Lambda, Mu, Nu, Xi, Omicron, Pi, Rho, Sigma, Tau, Upsilon, Phi, Chi, Psi, Omega. It is the ancestor of the Latin and Cyrillic alphabets, and each letter also had a numeric value in the ancient Greek numeral system — α = 1, ι = 10, ρ = 100 — up to ω = 800.
Frequently asked questions
How many letters are in the Greek alphabet?
24 — 7 vowels (α ε η ι ο υ ω) and 17 consonants. The alphabet has been in continuous use since around the 8th century BCE.
Is the Greek alphabet the same as Cyrillic?
No. They are separate alphabets, but Cyrillic was developed in the 9th century from Greek, which is why several letters look similar — Greek Ρ (rho) and Cyrillic Р, for example.
What does Δ mean in math?
Δ (capital delta) means change in. Δx is “the change in x”, and ΔT is a change in temperature. Lowercase δ usually means a small or partial change. More on the delta symbol.
Which Greek letter is used for standard deviation?
σ (lowercase sigma) is the population standard deviation. The sample standard deviation uses the Latin letter s, and σ² is variance. More on the sigma symbol.
How do I type Greek letters on a keyboard?
On Windows press Win + . and pick Symbols → Greek. On Mac open the Character Viewer with Ctrl + Cmd + Space. In LaTeX use \alpha, \beta and so on. Full instructions are in the typing guide.
What is the difference between Ω and Ω?
They look identical but are two different characters. U+03A9 is the Greek capital letter omega; U+2126 is the ohm sign. Unicode treats them as equivalent and recommends U+03A9 for both — see the omega symbol page.